Diabetes Overview


Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an essential source of energy for your cells, and it comes from the food you eat. However, in diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

There are three main types of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes: This type occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body produces little to no insulin. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or early adulthood and requires lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for the majority of cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not effectively use insulin, leading to insulin resistance. Over time, the pancreas may also become unable to produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. It can be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin.

Gestational Diabetes: This type of diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. However, women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Diabetes can lead to high blood sugar levels, which, if left uncontrolled, can cause various complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Managing diabetes involves maintaining blood sugar levels within a target range through a combination of medication, a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels. 

It’s important for people with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan. 

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