Understanding Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped by the heart. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and typically represented by two values: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. For example, a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg is considered normal. 

 

Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the arterial walls is consistently too high. This condition puts additional strain on the heart and blood vessels, potentially leading to various health problems over time. 

 

There are two types of hypertension: 

 

Primary or essential hypertension: This is the most common type and develops gradually over time without a specific underlying cause. It is often influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, obesity, and stress. 

 

Secondary hypertension: This type is caused by an underlying health condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, certain medications, or other medical conditions. Secondary hypertension usually appears suddenly and can occur at any age. 

 

Hypertension is often called a “silent killer” because it typically does not present noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, if left uncontrolled, it can increase the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and other health issues. 

 

Diagnosis of hypertension is done through blood pressure measurements taken using a sphygmomanometer. Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, reduced sodium intake, and limited alcohol consumption, are often recommended as the first line of treatment for mild to moderate hypertension. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help control blood pressure. 

 

It’s important to regularly monitor blood pressure, especially if you have risk factors for hypertension, and to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance on prevention, management, and treatment strategies.